Happy New Year !!

Attitude

Attitude is a little thing that makes a big difference. ~Winston Churchill

Happiness is an attitude. We either make ourselves miserable, or happy and strong. The amount of work is the same. ~Francesca Reigler


The only people who find what they are looking for in life are the fault finders. ~Foster's Law

The only disability in life is a bad attitude. ~Scott Hamilton

Make your optimism come true. ~Author Unknown

To be wronged is nothing unless you continue to remember it. ~Confucius

If we shall take the good we find, asking no questions, we shall have heaping measures. ~Ralph Waldo Emerson

The greatest discovery of my generation is that a human being can alter his life by altering his attitudes. ~William James

Being in a good frame of mind helps keep one in the picture of health. ~Author Unknown

Think big thoughts but relish small pleasures. ~H. Jackson Brown, Jr., Life's Little Instruction Book .

There is nothing so easy but that it becomes difficult when you do it reluctantly. ~Publius Terentius Afer

To be upset over what you don't have is to waste what you do have. ~Ken S. Keyes, Jr., Handbook to Higher Consciousness

Defeat is not bitter unless you swallow it. ~Joe Clark

Err.....
I dunno wat to talk abt.....
How about the subject combination??
Oks
Here goes nothing.....
My subject combination is :
Combined Science
-English
- E Math
-Science ( PC)
-Chinese

Combined Humanities :
Social Studies with Geography

And my Electives are :
- A Math
- Economics

My SA2 Results aren't that gd & aren't that bad.
But i wont tell you....

Hahas
Try figuring it out yourself...

thats all for now !! :D
Bye Bye
Take Care

Cheer Up & Be Happy !!!
;DD

Hiiii ppl,
I am not feeling well these few days so i didn't post anything.
When I get better , I will post more stuffs , ok ??
Cheer Up & Be Happy !!!
Take Care xD

Thats all for now !!
Bye Bye =DD

Examinations are over xD

Yippee !!!
Today Art = Completed !!
100% Completed !
Whoa ! It's time to party now !! xD
Let's celebrate......

Funny Quotes

Common sense
Don't take life too seriously. You'll never get out of it alive.
The future isn't what it used to be.Time flies when you don't know what you're doing.
Love your enemies. It'll make 'em crazy.
Well-timed silence hath more eloquence than speech. -- Martin Fraquhar Tupper
Power means not having to respond.

Philosophy
Great spirits have always encountered violent opposition from mediocre minds. -- Albert Einstein
To err is human. To forgive is unusual.
Attention to health is life greatest hindrance. -- Plato
Only those who attempt the absurd can acheive the impossible.

Life little moments of destruction
I'd like to help you out. Which way did you come in?
Don't be so humble - you are not that great. -- Golda Meir
When in charge, ponder. When in doubt, mumble. When in trouble, delegate.
I can tell you're lying. Your lips are moving.
There's nothing more restful than taking orders from fools.
Never underestimate the power of human stupidity.
It's hard to soar like an eagle when you're surrounded by turkeys.
He who laughs last didn't get the joke.
I used to be lost in the shuffle. Now I just shuffle along with the lost.
Yesterday was the deadline on all complaints.
Love means telling you why you're sorry.
Why be difficult when with a bit of effort you can be impossible?
The number of people watching you is directly proportional to the stupidity of your action.
You have a right to your opinions. I just don't want to hear them.
I don't know. I don't care. And it doesn't make any difference.
I know you think you understood what I said, but what you heard was not what I meant.
It's hard to be humble when you're as great as I am.

About work ...
To err is human, to forgive is Not Company Policy
Work fascinates me. I could sit and watch it for hours.

thats all for now !! xDD

Examinations

Yippee !!!
Last day to go....
Today Mathematics Paper 2 = Completed !!
87.5% Completed !!
12.5 % to Go !!!!
Jiayouss bah....
Left Art only.....

Bye for now !!

Thats all now =DD

Examinations

Yippee !!!
2 more days to go....
I am counting down....
Today Science Paper = Completed !!
75% Completed !!
15 % to Go !!!!
Jiayouss bah....
Left Maths Paper 2 & Art only.....
Bye for now !!
Thats all now =DD

Science Notes

Hellos .... (:

I juz want to tell you wat i did after the Math & Homec Papers .

I stayed back in school to revise my science work with my friends . ( Justine, Wei Woon , Sabrina , Tatum )

We each had assignment to complete : each of us ( Wei Woon ,Tatum & Me ) so that the others can revise.

Let me show you some of them. By the way , Wei Woon 's notes are not scanned cause i had them already. She scanned to me those notes that i dont have. So the rest of the notes are here :

Transport System In Humans & Plants : YL

Nutrient Cycles & Carbon Cycle By : Sabrina


Sexual Reproduction : Tatum

Electricity done by : YL

Sound Done By : Tatum

(Done BY : Sabrina , Tatum , Wei Woon , Yen Ling)

thats all for now !! XD

Examinations

Yippee !!!
3 more days to go....
I am counting down.....
Today Mathematics Paper 1 & Home Economics = Completed !!
62. 5 % Completed !!
37.5 % to Go !!!!
Jiayouss bah....
And i wont be putting anymore exam notes cause i doing mind maps now .....
Firstly , it is easy.
Secondly , it is also colourful & easier to remember ......
Bye for now !!

Thats all now =DD

Examinations

Yippee !!! :]]
i feel much lighter now ......
Chinese Papers are over !!!
4 more days to go & its over......
Wishing that Friday will come sooonnnn........
Jiayouss Bah , ;D

Transport in Living Things

The Human Circulatory System

Transport System : an orderly manner of moving things

Transport : to move things from one place to another

Why muliticellular organisms need one ??

- Cells need a supply of oxygen & nutrients ,
and at the same time need to remove carbon dioxide and other waste products.
- In most large organisms , most cells are far away from the outside .
Substances cannot enter or leave these cells directly unlike cells like Amoeba.
- Thus a transport system is needed to move substances in and out of the cells in the body.

The Human Circulatory System is made up of :
- Heart (A Pump which pushes blood around the body)
- Blood Vessels (A network of tubes to carry blood around the body )
- Blood (A liquid that transport materials)

Heart has 4 chambers. :
- 2 smaller upper chambers called the atrium ,
- 2 larger lower chambers called the ventricles.

Blood Vessels
- Arteries
-Veins
-Capillaries


Arteries V.S. Veins

Arteries
- Arteries have thick muscular walls.
-Carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body.
-Blood rich in oxygen.
Reasons :
-Have thick walls to withstand the pressure of the blood flowing through them.

-Veins
-Veins have thin muscular walls.
-Carries blood to the heart from all parts of the body.
Reasons:
-The Pressure is lower in the veins , they have thinner walls than arteries.

Capillaries
-Very thin blood vessels found between all cells in body.
-help in release of excess heat from the body
Reasons:
-Allows substances to pass through them into the cells and from the cells into the blood.

Blood
Functions
- To carry blood to and from body cells
-It is a suspension of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets ,in plasma

RBC
-Circular & Bioconcave shape
-No nucleus
-Contains haemoglobin
-Transport oxygen

WBC
-Irregular Shape & Larger than RBC
-Phagocytes : Destroy bacteria by engulfing them.
-Lymphocytes : Produce antibodies that kill bacteria.

Plasma
-Pale yellow liquid
-Made up of water and dissolved substances (digested food, waste products).

Platelets
-Tiny pieces of cells
-Role in blood clotting

Blood Circulation
Double Circulation
1) From the heart to lungs and back to heart again
2) From the heart to rest of the body and back again

Oygen - Carbon Dioxide -exchange
Blood
-Supplies oxgen to cells
-Collects Carbon Dioxide from cells

Absorption of digested food
-Digested food molecules absorbed into blood from small intestine transported to all parts of the body

thats all for now !! xD
A lot leh.... hais
hope they come out for exam lah
;D

2nd Picture of the Day !! =D

Friendship
is to
people
what
sunshine
is to flowers.

Hope you like it !! xD

Chemistry

The Particulate Model Of Matter

-Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
- Matter is made up of small discrete ( discontinuous /separate ) particles that are too small to be seen.
- The small discrete particles in matter are in constant & random ( haphazard) motion.

Particles
-Very small , invisible
-Cannot be seen with a microscope
-Spaces between matter
( differenct in solids, liquids,gases)
-Particles of matter move
( move at different speed in solids, liquids & gases)

Solids
Properties
-Fixed Voume
-Fixed Shape
-Cannot be compressed
Because
- Particles are closely packed and are in a regular pattern
-Strong attractive forces between particles
-Particles can only vibrate in their fixed postions

Liquids
Properties
-Fixed Volume
-No Fixed Shape
-Cannot be Compressed
Because
-Particles are not so closely packed together & are not in a regular pattern
-Strong attractive forces between particles
-Particles can move around each other

Gases
Properties
-No Fixed Shape
- No Fixed Volume
- Can be compressed
Because
-Particles are far away from each other
-Weak attractive forces between particles
-Particles move freely in all directions

thats all for now !!
I can help this much ...
So Sry...
i wanted to help more but i hav to sleep now...
Lets talk tmr, oks ??
XDD
-
-

Household Electricity

Definition
-Electric Power : is the rate at which energy is converted into other forms of energy.
-Power : the energy cnverted per second.
-Voltage : is the measure of how much energy the electrons recieve.
-Potential Difference : The difference in e.m.f ( electromotive force ) between two points in an electrical circiut.
-Electric Current : is a flow of electrical charges.
-Resistance : A measure of how much an electrical component opposes the flow of the current.
: It is the ratio of voltage across the component to the current fowing through it.
(R= V/I)

SI Units
-Voltage (Volt/V)
-Current (Ampere/A)
-Resistance (Ohm)
-Power (watt/W)
-Energy (Joules/J)
-Commercial unit for energy :
-kiloWattshour (kWh)

Formulas
V=IR,
where
V = Voltage (Volt),
I = Current (Ampere) ,
R = Resistance ( Ohm )



P = IV,
where
P = Power (W)
V= Voltage (V)
I = Current (A)

Units of Energy
Energy consumed ( in kWh) = Power ( in kW) x Time ( in hours)

Calculating the Cost of Electrical Energy
Cost of Electrical Energy = Units of Electrical Energy Used (kWh) x Cost Per Unit

* Notes
-Ammeter is connected in series.
-Voltmeter is connected in parallel.
-Resistors are used to :
1) Control the amount ofcurrent
2)Direct Current
3) Increases voltages
4)Converts electrical energy to other forms.
- Resistors ( Variable & Fixed )
- Current produces effects such as :
-Heating,
-Magnetic ,
-Chemical

thats all for now !! xD
Good luck for your coming exams .......
Jiayousss too , ok ?? =D
Will give more detailed information nxt time.... xD

Electricity

-Formulas
Ohm's Law
-R ( Resistance ) = V ( Voltage ) / I ( Current)
-V ( Voltage ) = IR

Where R is a constant: the resistance of the conductor. The units of resistance is the "ohm" W:
1 W =1 V/A

Energy and Power in electric circuits
Example 1: A resistor
V = IR
Power: P = VI = I2 R
A light bulb of resistance R = 576 W is connected to 240 V socket. Find the current through the bulb and the power expended.
Current: I = V/R = 240/576 = 0.416 A
Power: P = VI = 240 x 0.416 = 100 Watts (J/s)
Power is supplied by the battery. Magnitude of power output is
P = VI = eI
Where e is the e. m. f. of the battery.

Resistors in series and parallel
A combination of resistors in a circuit acts as the equivalent of a single resistor.
For two resistors in series the current I is the same for both:
V1 = IR1
V2 = IR2

Total voltage V drop
V = V1 + V2 = I (R1 + R2) = IR
R = R1 + R2
Resistors in series add.
If two resistors are in parallel, the voltage drop V is the same for both:

V = I1R1
V = I2R2

The total current

Resistors in parallel add as reciprocals.

The more the resistance there are, the more the alternative paths there are for the current to flow.Therefore,the more the resistance there are, the lower the total resistance and hence the higher the flow of the current.

I lazy to write the defintion lah, so i write the formulas only lor...

HaHas xD

Words of Wisdom / Thoughts to Live By

Words Of Wisdom

Not to know at large of things remote
From use, obscure and subtle, but to know
That which before us lies in daily life,
Is the prime wisdom. (John Milton)

The seat of knowledge is in the head, of wisdom,in the heart. (William Hazlitt)

Of all parts of wisdom the practice is the best. (John Tillotson)

The more a man knows, the more he forgives. (Catherine the Great)

A loving heart is the truest wisdom. (Charles Dickens)

One who understands much displays a greater simplicity of character than one who understands little. (Alexander Chase)

How prone to doubt, how cautious are the wise! (Homer)

On every thorn, delightful wisdom grows,In every rill a sweet instruction flows. (Edward Young)

The man of wisdom is never of two minds;the man of benevolence never worries;the man of courage is never afraid. (Confucius)

Another blog created !!!

Hiii....
I created another bloggie....
hehe
but i wont tell you....
hahas
you figure it out urself ......

gonna study now,
buiixxs
xD

Picture of the Day !!

Friendship xD
IF YOU ARE ALONE , I'LL BE YOUR SHADOW .
IF YOU WANT TO CRY, I'LL BE YOUR SHOULDER.
IF YOU NEED TO BE HAPPY , I'LL BE YOUR SMILE.
BUT IF ANYTIME YOU NEED A FRIEND , I'LL JUST BE ME !!

Home Economics

hiiii xD
Good Morning .......
Have you eaten your breakfast ??
Do you know how many types of vitamins are there ???
or the daily requirement for vitamins ??

The ABCs of Vitamins
Types of vitamins
- Vitamins are chemical substances in food.
-Vitamins classified :
- Fat -soluble ( dissolves in fats)
- ( eg. Vitamin A , D, E )
- Water - soluble ( dissolves in water)
-( eg. Vitamin B - group ( B1 , B2 , B3, B6 , B12 ) & Vitamin C )

General functions of vitamins
-Vitamin protect the body against diseases and help the body to work properly.
- Each type of vitamin has a specific function .

Sources of vitamins
-Vitamins are found in very small amounts , in a variety of foods.
- Fruits & Vegetable are rich in vitamins.

Body ' daily requirement / needs for vitamins & minerals :
- 2 servings of fruits & vegetables

Excessive of vitamins
- Any excess of water- soluble vitamins is passed out in the urine.
-Any excess of fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body & any excess is toxic to the body.

Deficiency of vitamins
-When there is a lack of certain vitamins , the body cannot work properly & this leads to deficiency diseases.
( Deficiency diseases : Illness due to lack of certain nutrients.)

thats all for now xD

应用文- 公函

公函

1 ）什么是公函

公函也是书信的一种；凡是政府机关，私人机构，社团， 学校或商行，在处理众事务的来往信 件， 就叫公函。它包括以下三种形式：
- 机关团体写给机关团体的信。
-个人写给机关团体的信。
- 机关团体写给个人的信。
若按性质来分，则可以分为邀请， 情求 ， 投诉，询问及其他性质的公函。

公函的格式
编号：
写信人地址
　
收信人姓名
职衔
收信人地址
　
称呼：
标　题
　
　　－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
－－－－－－－－－－－正 文－－－－－－－－－－－
－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－。
　
署名
日期
副本
附件
　
　
公函一般由十个部分组成：

1．编号
为了方便整理、保存和查对，公函需要加上编号， 编号写在信封的左上角。 例如：
(a) B／1／99 (b)学字第92号

2．写信人的地址
信纸的右上角必须写上写信人的地址，可用华文或英文书写。 例如：
(a)启祥路１０８号 新加坡邮区123194
(b)Blk l94，Toa Payoh Lorong 4， ＃03-108 Singapore l23194

3.收信人的姓名，职衔和地址
(a)收信人的姓名，写在编号之下， 但位置不可高过写信人的地址，先写姓名 ， 姓名后面必须加上称呼。

例如： 刘维国先生 林月芳小姐
在收信人姓名下面写收信人职衔， 例如： 勿洛联络所管理委员会主席 新世界书局经理
(b) 如果你不知道那个团体的负责人的姓名， 可以写执事先生成写他的职衔， 如：新城女子中学校长。

4.称呼：
(a)正文的开头写收信人的称呼，后面必须加冒号“：”不空格。
(b)可以用普通的称呼：如”王先生”或在姓氏的后面加职衔“王经理”。也可用“经理先生”这样的称呼。
(c)自称：可用我、本人、我校、我会、我所、本部、本局。 称呼对方：您、贵公司、贵校、贵队。

5.标题
(a)为了方便快捷处理和分类保存，公函应加上标题。(b)标题写在称呼下面的中央位置，标题下面必须画上横线； 写标题的目的是要把正文的内容简要地列出来。 例如：
请主持开幕典礼 接受友谊赛邀请

6.正文
正文可用下列任何一种格式。
(a)空格式，每段开头都空二格。
(b)齐头式，每段都顶格写。
正文是公函中的主体部分，要求叙述清楚、简洁。 有时为了方便阅读，视内容性质的不同，可加上序数号码。
　
7.署名
(a)写在正文的右下方。
(b)写信人若有职衔，须写清楚。
(c)署名后，一般用“启”，为了表示慎重，可以用“谨启”， 或为了表示尊敬，可以用“敬启”。

8.日期
写在编号下面，通常可用中文或阿拉伯文写出。 例如：
(a)26-4-2000 （建议）√
(b)2000年2月26日
(c)二零零零年四月二十六日
切记不可混杂式的日期: 2000年四月二十六日

9．副本
有的公函有必要交给有关方面查阅，就须写上副本寄送的个人或团体。它通常写在公函的左下方。 例如： 副本：公共关系主任

10．附件
如果公函还附有其他文件，必须在左下角列明。
例如：
附件：计划书一份 个人履历表一份

thats all for now !!
XD
Everyone Study Hard & Study Smart !! =D
Jiayouusss bah

应用文 - 私函

私函
1）什么是私函
私函是人与人之间往来的书信,所谈的都是私事。
私函的书写形式很自由， 可以叙述 ，抒情 ，写景或议论 ，没有什么限制，不过，还是要遵照一定的格式。


私函的格式
写信人地址
称呼：
问候的话。
　　－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
－－－－－－－－－正文－－－－－－－－
－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
－－－－－－－－。
结束的话。
祝
事事顺利
署名
日期

私函的写法
见笔记
注意事项：

一、写信人地址：
•写在信纸的右上角，如:
–祥林路10号
–新加坡邮区248922
–（在稿纸右上边倒数第8格)

二、称呼：
•不空格，后面要加冒号(:)
–冬华：
–或
–表哥：

三、正文：
–可大约分为三段：即
1. 问候
–写私函时，在称呼了对方后，接着要问候对方，以示礼貌，
–【例】您好！ 或好久不见，你近来好吗？
2. 内容
–这是私函最重要的部分，可依照题目的要求分段书写。
3. 结束的话
–在交代完正文的内容后，写一段结束的话，
–【例】就此停笔，下次再谈! 或 以后有时间，请多多来信

四、祝词：
•内容写完后，要写一写祝词，
•【例】身体健康或 生活愉快

五、署名：
•写完祝词后，在信的右下角署名。
•【例】对长辈－－小明上
•（双手捧上，以示礼貌）
•对朋友－－小明
•（直接用名，以示亲切)

六、日期：
•写在署名下，日、月、年或年、月、日的次序，
•【例】13-10-00 或 2000年10月13日 或 二零零零年十月十三日
•不可混杂，
•【例】2000年十月十三日

Science Prepation Notes

Hii XD
Should i write by the chapters ??
Or some only ??

For Biology topics
-Digestion
-Transport in living things
-Ecosystem
-Lving things
-Energy Transfer
-Nutrient Cycles

-Digestion
(Breaking down of large ,insoluble molecules into small, soluble molecules to be absorbed into the bloodstream)

Made up of:
-Mouth
-Stomach
-Small intestine
-Large intestine
-Rectum
-Anus

Types

-Physical by :
-Teeth
-Tongue
-Gullet
-Stomach

Chemical by:
Enzymes in the Mouth , Stomach , Small intestine & Pancreas
(eg. Carbohydrases break down - carbohydrates)
(Proteases break down - Proteins)
(Lipases break down -Fats)

Mouth involves:
Physical Dgestion
- Chewing action of teeth : big to small pieces
Chemical Digestion
-Ptyalin-Starch to Sugars

Stomach involves :
-Physical Digestion ( Churning action of stomach)
-Chemical Digestion (Proteases - proteins to amino acids)

Small intestine involves :
-Chemical Digestion
-Protease -Proteins to amino acids
-Lipases - Fats to fatty acids + glycerol
-Carbohydrases - Carbohydrates to Simple sugars

-Digestion is completed here.
-Absorption of nutrients takes place.

Large intestine involves:
-Absorption of water & minerals


Rectum involves:
-Storage of waste temporarily

Anus:is where wastes pass out of the body

The End

thats all for now !! XD

Sa2 Geography paper finished !! =D

Whoa!!
Another paper down!!
Yipee !! xD
Gonna concentrate on Maths & Science now.....
Jiayuoss, Jiayouss,Jiayouss =DD

Exams Preparation - For Geography

Geography
1) Structured Qns

Chapter 9 : Pollutions
- The definition of pollutions
- it is the contamination of the natural environment by the introduction of foreign substances or increase in concentration of naturally occuring substances.

A) What are the causes & effects of each pollutions ?
What are the measures taken to reduce pollutions?

Air pollutions :

Natural air pollutions
- Volcanic eruptions (ash & gases)
-Wetlands & Swamps & Shallow lakes ( methane gas)
-Hot , Dry Weathers ( Create winds which lift up & carry soil particles as dust storms)

Effects : Causes health problems such as Bronchitis & Asthma

Air Pollutions caused br humans:
- Exhaust fumes from motor vehicles ( Nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons & carbon monoxide)
- Emissions from factories & Power plants/ stations ( Sulphur dioxide ,Nitrogen oxides)

Effects: Fumes from motor vehicles

- Carbon Monoxide : ( produced in large amounts when cars idle in heavy traffic)
Causes dizziness and is fatal iin an enclosed space.

- Hydrocarbons : ( produced from car exhausts )
Are a suspected cause of cancer.

- Nitrogen Oxides : (waste gases from car engines)
Causes the brown haze that hangs over cities on Clear, Sunny days.
Corrodes Metals, Brick & Stone surfaces.

-Nirogen oxides & Hydrocarbons
Produce a photochemical smog in sinlight ( a mixture of fog & smoke)
Causes Headaches , Stinging Eyes, Asthma attacks
Can destroy plastic & damage the lungs.

-'Marble Cancer' : pollutants eat away at marble structures ( eg. Tai Mahal)
-" Causes Acid Rain which kills fishes in ponds , lakes , corrodes buildings and kill fishes

Air Pollutions Know No Boundaries & May Be Blown Across National Boundaries

Water Pollutions :
- Occurs when water is contamined by Industrial and Human Wastes

Sources of water :
-Lakes
- Seas
-Rivers

Causes :
-Iron & Steel plants
-Chemical industries
-Oil terminals & industries
-Leather tanning
- Fishing industries
-Waste runoff from farms which includes pesticides,herbicides & fertilisers
-Oil Spill from tankers
(discharge their waste into the seas)

Effects :
-Destruction of Marine & Riverine ecosystem ,fishes , other aquatic plants & animals will die.
-Harmful bacteria & posionous chemicals may be passed to humans through the consuption of contamined fish & water

Land Pollutions
-Human Activities such as mining (Sulphur fumes produced from the smelting process prevented the vegetation from regrowing on the hillsides), industries (residue of lubricants and chemicals that have been used) and homes ( eg. paper wrappers/ plastic bags ) produce large amounts of waste.
- Waste : Materials no longer needed in producing, selling,or using different goods.(Takes many forms)

Effects:
- Disposing of waste improperly can lead to land pollutions
- Open Rubbish dumps attract pests ( eg. flies, rats ) and breed diseases ( spread of diseases)

-Large amounts of wastes can produce unpleasant odours.

-Contamined soil may also be washed into rivers & seas
-Residual fertilisers ,herbicides ,pesticides can also pollute the soil

_Harmful chemicals may also be passed onto birds & reptiles when contamined earthworms /bugs are consumed.

_ Plants may also not thrive in the soil with chemical concentrations.



Noise Pollutions
-Excessive noise ( eg.. barking dog,flying plane,construction sities,traffic jams , cities)
- Especially harmful if exposure is continous or when people are trying to sleep.

Effects:
-disturbs thinking,affects our decision-making and moods
-causes headaches,sleep disturbances,high -blood pressure

B)What are Singapore's approaches to environmental pollutions?

Reducing Pollutions
-Reduce amount of polluting materials
( waste or trash produced ,eg. litter ,burning of fuels)
-Reduce use of disposable products (eg.paper plates,cups)
-Reduce the amount non-biodegradable pesticides,herbicides,weedicides used.
-Reuse material such as plastic bags,bottles,waste materials from forests & factories
-Recycle materials into new forms after their first use. ( Used newspaper into paper products,plastics can be made into furniture )
-Tougher laws against littering and illegal dumping of wastes
-Regular inspection of factories and business for pollution

Role of individual

-Proper use of litter bins help to reverse the harmful effects of litter.
-Paper .cardboard,glass,plastics,paint,timber can all be recycled by individuals or by the local authorities and companies. Recycling wastes into new products reduces the amount of waste that pollute our air,waster & land.

Role of our Governments

-Pass the law that require individuals to dispose waste properly and to refrain from making excessive noise.
-Laws can be passed,requiring organisations such as construction firms and factories to minimise noise pollution and pollutnats released into the air,waste and deposited in waste dumps.Fined and taxes can be used to enforce these laws.
-Banning the use of certain materials to prevent pollution,DDT,an insecticide once widely used to control malarial mosquitoes, is now banned in nearly every country : residue from the product has been shown to be harmful to life forms.
- Educate the public about the need for reducing,reusing & recycling of materials.Through advertising, school programmes & workshops for industries , people can bacome better informed and act more responsibly to reduce pollution.
-Lauch Campaigns (such as tree-planting programmes to prevent the silting of rivers and the pollution of water.) Other programmes include setting up recycling depots for paper, plastics and paints operated by govenment authorities.
-Governments may decide where waste matter is to be put and in what form-sealed,incinerated or buried as a landfill. The incineration sities for Singapore's wastes were decided by government authorities.

thats all for now !!
Jiayouss , Everyone XDD

Sa2 Literature Paper

Hii (:

Today the lit paper really Okok lah

I forgotten the Qns liao

hais...

but i remember the section B got put

2.a) Describe Sarah's character using the evidence closely to the passage.

b)Describe the relationship between Sarah & Saffy. What is the importance of the angel?

Use evidence fron the above passage and from the rest of the text.

the section C: Unseen Prose

Came out from Paper by Catherine Lim

thats all for now !!

I going to study Geography now...

Bye Bye

XDD

Preparation for Geography

OMG !!!
I am so tired !!
Time is running out !!
HELP !!!
I Gonna Hurry,Hurry,Hurry !!!

Jiayouss Everyone , I know you can do it !! XDD

* I think this is my shortest post. Whew !! Cause nothing to write about also + need to revise !!

thats all for now !! =D

Sa2 Literature - Character Descriptions

Hey!!
Hellooss.... (:
Yeh ! Hii,
Are you studying??
=D
Nvm.

Saffy's Angel

Character Descriptions

Character Study

Casson Family

Bill
( Unreasonable, responsible father -pays for Caddy's driving fees, hot - tempered. tends to beat around the bush (not straight- forward) , a logical person and is secretive)

Eve
( Creative - a painter , Caring - comforts Saffy , takes juveniles for art lessons , easy- going , patient , emotional , understanding, empathy & trust others easily )

Cadmium ( Caddy)
The eldest girl in the Casson family & is the care-taker of the pack.
(Caring Sister - she participates wholeheartedly in the adventures of her siblings, comforts Saffy when she feels down about her past and her stone angel & is supportive of Indigo's effort to relieve his fears, makes a duplicate of the picture to help Rose get back her picture. )

(Underachiever - Struggles to pass her exams, Thinks of ways to get her to pass her exams by putting all the notes around the house, also not very good at driving.)

(Became focused and driven - knowing about "Droopy Di " Michael 's imaginary girlfriend. Caddy tried to be like her and is determined to pass her exams and reach her goal to enter into a university to study zoology so that she could be a game keeper.)

Indigo
(Timid, he does things to challenge his phobias so that he could be courageous & fearless like those polar explorers. Insecure - wants to hang out with his pack , Friendly , Supportive - lends Saffy his sports bag for her stowaway to Siena , Considerate - lets Caddy puts her Maths in his room, Indecisive)

Rose
(Artistic - she created a painting out of food ( eg.jam) , Creative - changed her cheque that she had inherited into coins and arranges them into the shape of dragon and glues them together and sprays painting her new sculpture, Possessive - she was very upset when her teacher place her artwork in the classroom for display and made a replica of it so that her teacher would not know about the stolen artwork , Supportive – she was more than willing to forgo the money that she inherited to give to Saffy so that she can go to Italy , Innovative , Cheerful , Daring , Determined /Persistent )

Saffron ( Saffy)
The main character in the story.
A true friend to Sarah.

(Determined- Nothing stops her from looking for the stone angel, Thoughtful – Knowing Sarah’s disability , she is careful not to insult her disability or say anything harsh to her, Misguided – Feels that she is not part of the Casson family begins she is adopted)
(Closer to grandfather , Practically forced to go & find her angel , Different Personality from her siblings/Casson family , She has a stigma ( awkward feeling) that she is “adopted” as she could not find her name in the colour chart )

Grandfather of Saffy/the kids
(Caring ,Loving – he loves & cares for Saffy ( a guardian) , Forward – looking , Direct , Fair , Persistent )

Warbeck Family

Mr Warbeck
(Rude ,Technical- wants to change the direction of the fountain , Daring- Speed driving, Simple – minded , Easy-going – lets Sarah do what she wants , Perfectionist – wants to change the direction of the fountain and wants it perfect .)

Mrs Warbeck
(Bossy , Strict – was upset when Sarah got nose –studs and thinks that Saffy has been a bad influence to Sarah, Stubborn , Caring , loves Sarah , Supportive , Petty)

Sarah Warbeck
A true friend to Saffy.
A companion and a catalyst for Saffy to go in search for her stone angel. She is in some ways a guardian angel to Saffy.

(Good friend- She goes all out to help her friend to look for the stone angel. Even when Saffy is harsh towards her and tells her off, she bears no grudges. She forgives Saffy and is willing to help her look for the angel .)
(Daring- Not afraid that she will get into trouble . She gets her nose pierced and also hatches the plan to smuggle Saffy to Italy.)
(Crafty & Scheming – She comes up with a plan to hide Saffy in the bean bag.In order to get Saffy to come over to her place, she lies to her mother and sends the mother on a chore.)
(Determined/Rebellious – Despite the fact that her mother is upset with Saffy, she continues with her plan.)
(Adventurous – Seeking an adventure , does not mind her disability , she is ready to look for the stone angel. She finds all very thrilling and exciting.)
(Manipulate her parents , “ Rich school kid ” , Spoilt & Rich kid)

Michael
( Clever , Sly – fabricates a girlfriend so that Caddy will think that he is unavailable , Intelligent , Have High expectations – indirectly motivates Caddy to work harder , Sensible, Timid , Responsible ( Aware that he can’t have BGF as he is a driving instructor while Caddy is her student )

What do you think about it ??

Isn't it great ?? XDD

thats all for now !! =D

Sa2 Literature - 2nd Essay

XD
Lucky today is a public holiday lor.
Then got time to think how to write the essay.
Time is running out !! AHHHHH !!!!

Time is running out !!!
Time is running out !!
Time is ruNNing out !

Not enough time liao .....


Hmm......
It's Essay writing time !!! XD
Let me think of another essay to write.
Essay Question :
Example:

What kind of life you think Saffron (aka Saffy) has, living with the Casson Family.What kind of feeling are aroused in you as you read the novel , and why?

How does she feels after knowing that she was adopted ? When ? ( Before knowing that she was adopted & After she was adopted)

She lives in a large family with 3 other siblings,and she lead a lonely life, .After knowing that her name does not appear on the colour chart on the family fridge,whilst all her siblings do, she learns that she was adopted.The visiting health worker accidentally reveals to Saffy that there is a reason for the difference,and she finds out that she was the daughter of her mother's late twin sister.

Since that day, life changed for Safffy, because she felt that she was not as important as her adopted family, and she felt lost.She learns that her mother had died in a car crash, and that her grandfather had brought her from Italy ( where she was born) to her current house ( the Banana House) ,with Eve, Bill and her cousins. She feels misguided as she wasn't part of the Casson family.When Saffron found out that she is adopted , it is Caddy who understands how Saffy feels and tells her that she is still part of the family.

Not long after, their grandfather had passed away. After their funeral , their grandfather's will was read and the children learn of their inheritance . Saffy inherits a mysterious 'angel in the garden' , that conjuries up faint memories of a stone angel in the garden as her memories become clearer to her as she searches in her mind for what the angel in the garden could possibly be.This was important to her as her grandfather her only family member and was the closest to her . Her grandfather was her guardian and he even came into her dreams. As he was her guardian , he cared and loved her since she was born. She feels a sense of belonging with him and it was important for her to find her angel. Caddy gives Saffy the support and pushes her to go in search of the stone angel as she understands that it is very important to her..Rose,the youngest is more than wiling to forgo the money that she inherited to give to Saffy so that she can go to Italy.Similarily,Eve who is the adoptive mother of Saffy loves Saffy like all her other children and does not treat her any different.

When Saffy had recieved a phone call from Sarah about details of the plan for her to stowaway to Siena, her siblings overheard her conversation and enthusiastically agree with the plan, and offer to help her.Indigo lends her a sports bag and her siblings offer to cover up for her.This tells me that the Casson family is very close-knit and caring.

THE END

* Please give me some comments.
( Positive ones,kks??) (:

* I write until hand pain.
Dunno tmr will write so much a not.......

thats all for now !! XDD

Sa2 Literature - Writing Essay

={
Grr....
Literature .........
OKok laah
Saffy's Angel
Need write Essay leh
Let me think abt it....
Hmmm.......let me guess....
Eg. Describe the relationship between ant two characters in Saffy's Angel . ( 25 marks)
-Relationship between Saffy & Sarah

Sarah is a true friend to Saffy.They are true friends to each other as they didn't mind spending times together and Sarah kept a listening ear to Saffy when Saffy told Sarah about her family ,the stone angel in the garden that she has just inherited from her late grandfather.As they are both lonely beings who lacks friendship,they tend to share more about themselves with their friends. Although Saffy knows that Sarah is physically disabled, they still get along quite well with each other. This shows that Saffy is very thoughtful.

Sarah is a companion and the catalyst for Saffy to go in search of her stone angel as Sarah is adventurous and does not mind the disability . She finds all these very interesting & thrilling. She is in some ways a guardian angel to Saffy. Firstly, Sarah is very supportive of Saffy when Saffy said that she wanted to go to Siena to search for her angel and she told her mother ( Mrs Warbeck). Sarah is also willing and determined to help Saffy goes to Siena to find her angel. When Sarah had the nose-stud , her mother was very upset with her, and disallowed Sarah from spending time with Saffy ,thinking that she had been a bad influence on Sarah, so Sarah decided to smuggle Saffy to Siena with her family. This shows that Sarah is ver crafty and scheming.

As Saffy was determined to find her angel , nothing could stop her from looking for the stone angel so Sarah came out with a plan to hide Saffy into the bean bag.In order to get Saffy to come over to drop her bags,she lies to her mother and sends the mother on a chore. This shows that Sarah is so determined to help Saffy that she could even get into trouble just to help Saffy. This also tells me that they had great bondings with each other as " fake" friends won't go to the extent of helping their friends and are at the risk of getting into trouble. "fake" friends would normally not help their friends when they are in trouble , much more taking the risk of getting into trouble.

Sarah even phoned Saffy about the details of the plan for her to stowaway to Siena.After reaching Siena , they get into a taxi and arrive at the address only to find that the house and the garden were locked up,and there was no one to let them in.They leave feeling very dismayed.This also shows me that their friendship was so close that Sarah felt the sadness in Saffy too. Their repeated tries had failed. They finally decided to visit the house very early in the morning,when th flowers are being much watered , in hope of catching someone there who could let them in.Their persistence paid off when they found the flowers watered , and the gate opened,they entered the garden and Saffy found Antonia.This also tells me that Sarah was a very helpful friend & was consistent in helping Saffy find her angel. Although Saffy had not found her angel, she was contented at having met Antonia.After knowing that her angel wasn't in the garden, she returned back to the banana house.

* 1pt ( character description) , 1 paragraph
This is my 1st Draft for the essay writing. Gonna make more changes.
Can give some comments ??
To make it better ??
My literature isnt that gd so i need more HELP !!!
HELP me PLEASE..... XDD

Your Japanese name. ;D

Please fill your name in Japanese (refer to table below) and see how crazy it looks like....
Have Fun ! XD

A - ka B - tu
C - mi D - te E - ku
F - lu G - ji H- ri
I - ki J- zu K-me
L - ta M - rin N - to
O -mo P - no Q - ke
R - shi S- ari T -chi
U - do V - ru W -mei
X - na Y - fu Z - zi

( This was a chained letter that was sent to me by my friends)
This is Juz for FUN !!! XD

Just try it, it is weird though.

My Choice for The Sec 3 Subject Combination

Yeah! Tmr is a public holiday!

Which means......

I have 1 more day to study. Great! XD


Oh ! This are my dream choices.
Combined Science (CORE)
1)English
2)Mother Tongue
3)Mathematics
4)Science (PC /BC)
PC- Physics & Chemistry
BC-Biology & Chemistry

5) Combined Humanities ( Geography)

Electives
6 & 7 ) Economics & Literature

I will strive harder to achieve at least B3 for all my subjects.
Jiayuoss ,Yen Ling, I know you can do it ! Yea ! XD


thats all for now !! =D

Crucial Period

Hii,
juz wanna say smt.
This is my exam schedule for SA2 .

Monday
22 September 2008 : EL Paper 1 & 2

Thursday
02 October 2008 : Literature

Exam Format
Section A : Essay -Choose 1
Section B : Extract (Compulsory)
Section C : Unseen Prose (Compulsory)
(25 marks per section)
Drama (25 marks)

Friday
03 October 2008 : Geography

Exam Format
Section A: MCQ ( 20 marks)
Section B : Part 1 - Mapwork
Part 2 - Basic techniques
(10 marks for each part)
Section C :Structured Qns ( 60 marks)
Choose 4 out of 6 Qns

Topics tested : Chapter 1-4, Chapter 7-9

Monday
06 October 2008: Chinese Paper 1 & 2

Tuesday
07 October 2008 : Mathematics Paper 1 & Home Economics

Wednesday
08 October 2008 : Science

Thursday
09 October 2008 : Mathematics Paper 2

Friday
10 October 2008 : Visual Art

I have kept the schedule for the english too, although it was over.
I will really work hard now, so that i can choose the subjects that i wanna take next year.
Jiayouss everyone, this is not the time to slack.


thats all for now !! XDD

Recap of Geography

Hii , Sry i have nothing to write abt.
So, I have decided to write a little infomation on Geography.

On Land Supply,
Scarcity of land because of a few reasons :

• Limited usuable land ( 30% of Earth's Surface is land)
• Many Uses of land ( eg. for farming , housing . buildings )
• land that cant be used - too dry, too cold , too wet , too mountainous ( climate not suitable )

-unsuitable temperature for farming crops

• As a result, there is not enough land for human activities.

thats all for now !!! =DD

Pass It On

This is the song played on my blog.
The lyrics are here.

There is a gift from Lord Buddha
I like to share it with my family

Share it with my friends
and take it round the world
and share it with all beings
Pass it on, Pass on on

Let the Buddha's Wisdom stay on
Pass it on , Pass it on
Let the Buddha's Love spread on
Pass it on, Pass it on
Let the Buddha's Compassion flows on
Pass it on , Pass it on
Let the Buddha's Teaching goes on and on

I hav decided to Study Smart instead of Studyin' Hard !!!

Hii,
I will juz do notes based on the learning objectives , in this way, i am studying smart & i dun hav to remember 1 whole chunk of notes.Thanks to my eldest brother,he taught me new methods to study.There are two types of ppl when it comes to studying.

Firstly,there are those ppl who will memorise the textbk from top to bottom,bottom to top, and most of them are girls.They will hav lots of coloured markers in their pencil box to help them improve their memory skills when they make their notes.

Secondly,the boys hav 3 different types when it comes to studying :
1) Play everyday til the exam is coming then ask from friends.
2) Study everyday,Hardly play
3) Study Smart & Play almost everyday

I juz wanna study smart, i can also study hard but i takes a lot of time too....
So Study Smart everyone =DD

Studying hard !!!!

OMG !!!!
I am trying my best to memorise one whole chunk of Geography chapters.....
About the land supply.
This is killing me !!!
Luckily i am listenin' to some songs - to help me relieve stress !!!
let me tell you the website :
(they are quite nice, XD )
http://www.buddhanet.net/audio-library.htm
hearing to :
The Chant of Metta - Suffusing Loving-kindness metta.mp3
The Chant of Metta - a musical rendition by Imee Ooi.



Buddhist Songs for Young Children

Zipped PC Word Doc file of the lyrics for the Buddhist Songs buddhistsongs.zip

1. Birth of the Buddha (lyrics/music: Daniel Yeo) buddhistsong1.mp3

2. To Love Is To Care And Be Kind (lyrics/music: Imee Ooi) buddhistsong2.mp3

3. Don't Be Angry (lyrics: Imee Ooi, music: Woon Yoke Fun) buddhistsong3.mp3

4. Compassion (lyrics: Imee Ooi, music: Woon Yoke Fun) buddhistsong4.mp3

5. It's Great To Give (lyrics/music: Daniel Yeo) buddhistsong5.mp3

6. He's Here For You & Me (lyrics: Imee Ooi, music Woon Yoke Fun) buddhistsong6.mp3

7. Pass It On (lyrics: Daniel Yeo, music: Imee Ooi) buddhistsong7.mp3

8. Birth Of The Buddha (karaoke) buddhistsong8.mp3

9. Pass It On (karaoke) buddhistsong9.mp3

they are quite nice to hear... i wanna put them as background music but i juz dunno how, hais......

that's all for now !! =D

I gotta Jiayouss now so cant talk liao...

My 1st Post

Hiii....
Today i have done my first post and i have juz created my very 1st blog.....
I really dun kn wat to say...
Next week exams are coming....
I am really studying hard now.
Jiayouusss Everyone. =D